معرفت ادیان

The Qur'an and the Torah, as the divine scriptures of Islam and Judaism, have accorded special importance to religious rulings and law (Sharia) and have devoted considerable attention to them. This paper, employing a descriptive-analytical method with direct reference to Qur'anic verses and Torah passages, as well as the writings of Islamic scholars and Jewish thinkers, seeks to analyze the commonalities and differences between the Qur'an and the Torah in the domain of rulings and law (Sharia). The Qur'an, in addition to explicitly stating some rulings, has also articulated non-explicit rulings, as well as legal principles and jurisprudential rules (al-qawa'id al-fiqhiyyah). However, the Torah has only dealt with the explicit and detailed expression of religious rulings. The primary difference between these two sacred scriptures, as examined in this paper, lies in the domain of jurisprudential rules. The findings of this research indicate that the root of this difference in expression is that the Noble Qur'an is universal and eternal, whereas the Torah is Israelite and limited. The requirement of a universal and eternal scripture is that it should mention the generalities of rulings and the principles of derivation (uṣūl al-istinbāṭ), with the details to be discussed elsewhere. The consequence of this difference manifests in the dynamism of jurisprudence (fiqh) and in the enumeration of the number of passages containing rulings and law in the sacred scripture.