Ma`rifat Adyan

The main problem of this research is to identify and review the approaches of studying and dealing with religions in contemporary Iran, so that while studying them descriptively, their coordinates and characteristics can be analyzed to gain more self-awareness in the field of religious studies. The findings of this research show that the three approaches of traditional, intellectual and comparative theological research have three models of the saved sect, the Coffee-House of Surat, and the comparative model, which share components such as attention to the religious other, the principle of dialogue, and unity between religions, but in the origin, the necessities Culture and conversation style are different from each other. The saved sect model with the dominant policy of differentiation and the Coffee-House of Surat model with the dominant policy of similarity are different from the comparative model that emphasizes the parallel integration of similarity and differentiation. The conditions of cultural-religious pluralism in the contemporary world, along with human truth-seeking among various religious options, have highlighted the necessity of systematic comparative theology research. These researches, although they have been enriched by Max Müller's new researches in the modern world, show their descent to the works of Abu Rayhan Biruni and Shahristan in Islamic culture.