Divine Suffering and Liberation in Ancient Christian Theology
Article Type:
Research
Writers:
Zhra Khoshkjan / Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Shahid Bahonar, Kerman / z.khoshkjan@uk.ac.ir
Abstract:
This study seeks to address the relationship between suffering and salvation in Christian theology and define the meaning of suffering. The author focuses on three types of suffering that are not only not disconnected, but also closely related to each other: the suffering of the Christ, as a chosen and even extraordinary human being; an (ordinary) man's suffering and the suffering of God. The question of this study is centered on why and how suffering is accomplished and giving attention to a theological approach to Christian theology; the God who suffers. The response of modern Christian theology to the question whether or not God (with all His power and conquering force) can suffer is positive, and, of course, tries to respond to the paradox about the power and absoluteness of the one God (who is also the father) and His suffering by proposing such concepts like incarnation, the kenosis of the God of love and liberation. This answer explains why Christ suffered, and the physical and non-physical aspects of his suffering. Therefore, the cognitive aspect of the suffering of the father and the son indicates the depth of the voluntary, conscious, and intentional suffering so as to achieve human salvation although, the father has experienced this kind of suffering from the very beginning of the creation with the infusion of His soul into man. The narration of the reason for and way of the occurrence of this suffering took place, which is called Christian and divine suffering in Christian theology is the outcome of using the approaches of late Christian (Catholic) theologians so that some of them, such as J.urgen Moltmann, have developed the idea of divine suffering to go beyond the limit of practical theology of hope and liberator.
چکیده و کلیدواژه فارسی (Persian)
Title :رنج قدسی و رهایی در الهیات متأخر مسیحیت
Abstract:
این مقال درصدد است، علاوه بر واکاوی مفهوم رنج، به رابطه‌ی بین رنج و رهایی (رستگاری) در الهیات مسیحی بپردازد. تمرکز نویسنده بر سه طیف از رنج است که نه تنها از هم گسسته و غیرمرتبط نیستند، بلکه در ارتباطی تنگاتنگ با یکدیگر نیز به سر می برند: رنج مسیح به عنوان انسانی برگزیده و حتی خارق العاده؛ رنج انسان (معمولی) و رنج خدا.
سئوال درباره‌ی چرایی و چگونگی تحقق رنج است و توجه به یک رویکرد تئولوژیک در الهیات مسیحیت؛ خدایی که رنج می کشد. پاسخ الهیات مدرن مسیحی به این سئوال که آیا خداوند (با همه‌ی قدرت و قهاریتش) می تواند دچار رنج شود، مثبت است و البته می کوشد به پارادوکس قادر و مطلق بودن خدای یگانه (که در عین حال پدر است) و رنج کشیدنش، با طرح مفاهیمی چون تجسم، کنوسیس (Kenosis) خدای عشق و رهایی، پاسخ دهد. البته این پاسخ، شرحی توأمان است بر چرایی رنج مسیح، و البته وجه کنوتیکی و غیرفیزیکی رنج او. از این رو وجه کنوتیکی رنج پدر و پسر، نشان از عمق رنجی داوطلبانه، آگاهانه و عامدانه، برای رستگاری بشر دارد؛ هرچند پدر این رنج را از همان ابتدای خلقت و با حلول روح خود در بنی آدم به جان خریده است. روایت چرایی و چگونگی وقوع این رنج ـ که در الهیات مسیحی، رنج قدسی و الهی (sacred and divine suffering) نام گرفته ـ با بهره گیری از رویکردهای متألهان متأخر مسیحیت (کاتولیک) انجام شده است که برخی از آنها مانند یورگن مولتمان، مفهوم رنج قدسی را تا بعد پراکتیکال الهیات امید و رهایی بخش (liberation theology) تداوم داده اند.
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Khoshkjan , Zhra. (2020) Divine Suffering and Liberation in Ancient Christian Theology . معرفت ادیان (Ma`rifat Adyan), 11(2), 77-92
Zhra Khoshkjan ."Divine Suffering and Liberation in Ancient Christian Theology ". معرفت ادیان (Ma`rifat Adyan), 11, 2, 2020, 77-92
Khoshkjan , Z.(2020) 'Divine Suffering and Liberation in Ancient Christian Theology ', معرفت ادیان (Ma`rifat Adyan), 11(2), pp. 77-92
