The church organization has faced many crises in its long life. To overcome such crises, they had no choice but to make reforms in many theological issues in the Second Vatican Council. Discovering the components of the crisis this paper seeks to study the methods of the fathers of the churches in dealing with those crises. The main question is that, how the church could manage the religious-cultural crises caused by theological teachings? And to what extent they were successful? Answering these questions, the church adopted three phases of pre-crisis, during the crisis and post-crisis management. Censorship, banning some books, the Inquisition Court and eventually the torture and execution of the innovators with the charge of heresy were among the early steps. The Church actions during the crisis included the following, Neo-Thomism, New theology, scientific researches and formation of the Second Vatican Council. Post-crisis actions included, reforming the liturgy, the unity of Churches, confronting Communism, religious freedom and admitting Catholic Church's past mistakes.
Title :بررسی چالشهای الهیات مسیحی در مدیریت بحران شورای واتیکانی دوم
Abstract:
سازمان کلیسا در عمر طولانی خود، با بحرانهای بسیاری مواجه بوده است، ازاین رو، برای برون رفت از بحران های پیشرو، چارهای جز انجام اصلاحات در بسیاری از زمینههای الهیاتی، در شورای واتیکانی دوم نداشت. این مقاله، با هدف کشف مؤلفه های بحران و شیوه مهار آن را توسط ارباب کلیسا مورد بررسی قرار می دهد. سؤال اصلی پژوهش، این است که کلیسا چگونه توانست بحرانهای فرهنگی ـ دینی، ناشی از آموزههای الهیاتی پیش آمده را مدیریت کند؟ و به چه میزان در اداره این بحران موفق بود؟ در پاسخ، کلیسا برای بحران فوق، سه مرحلهی مدیریت پیش از بحران، حین بحران و پس از بحران را اتخاذ نمود. برخی اقدامات مرحلهی اول، استفاده از حربه های سانسور، اعلان فهرست کتاب های ممنوعه، دادگاه تفتیش عقاید و سرانجام، شکنجه و اعدام نوآوران، به جرم بدعت گذاری بود. و اقدامات حین بحران توسط کلیسا شامل مکتب تومایی نو و الاهیات جدید، روی آوری به پژوهش علمی، تشکیل شورای واتیکانی دوم. اقدامات پس از بحران، شامل اصلاح آیین عبادی، وحدت کلیساها، کمونیسم ستیزی، آزادی انتخاب دین، اعتراف به برخی اشتباهات گذشته کلیسای کاتولیک میشود.
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