Ma`rifat Adyan

Wars have been important events in the memory of man's life and are of considerable importance when religions' stands on war have provided the ground for the eruption or prevention of men's wars throughout the history. Meanwhile, the scope of Church's (Christianity) social activities with their ups and downs has had an important role in political changes in western societies. The ancient Church (Christianity) had a theology based on reliable Christian texts and commentaries. However, the emergence of Protestantism in recent centuries has caused current commentaries – especially Catholic reading – to lose their credit and has extended the sphere of influence of commentaries based on the biblical text. This has paved the ground for Christian believers' to have direct reference to the Bible which encompasses all aspects of a Christian's life including war. As a reliable source, the New Testament has always been the origin of thoughts of Christian political theologians in understanding the principles of war legitimacy but it does not have a clear and explicit system as to the philosophy of theology of war; however, new studies on these texts have led to the emergence of attitudes about theoretical philosophy of war which are often justifiable in two ranges of war prohibition and war legitimacy.