معرفت ادیان

"Anthropomorphism" (Tashbīh) and "Transcendence" (Tanzīh), as two technical theological terms, possess intra-religious applications and extra-religious implications and are conceptually considered as Antithesis. Greek mythological culture is perceived as a unique arena for the religious applications of these two terms. In theory, the Greek gods are assumed to be beyond the realm of pure anthropomorphism; however, in practice, it is not easy to distinctly identify the dividing line between anthropomorphism and transcendence in their description. Since the investigation of the origin and dimensions of this issue appears to be somewhat neglected in research, the present study is formed based on the following question: What are the semantic domains, relationships, and outcomes of anthropomorphism and transcendence according to the narratives of Greek myths? The findings indicate that in Greek mythology, anthropomorphism is equivalent to the anthropomorphic conception of the gods in terms of iconography, emotions, and behavior. In contrast, transcendence refers to the otherness of the gods only in terms of their immortality and possession of superhuman powers. Here, anthropomorphism fosters a more empathetic understanding of the gods' actions, while transcendence paves the way for the emergence of faith in the efficacy of an absolutely powerful and praiseworthy Creator. Although the Greek gods may seem purely anthropomorphic, they are fundamentally transcendent and sublime.