The journal is committed to handling all complaints and appeals fairly, transparently, and in a timely manner, in accordance with COPE guidelines.

Scope of complaints: Complaints may relate to editorial decisions, the peer-review process, publication ethics, editorial conduct, or any aspect of the publication process.

How to submit a complaint:

• Complaints should be submitted in writing to the Editor-in-Chief via the journal's official email address: info@nashriyat.ir.

• The complaint must include: (a) the title and manuscript ID of the article (if applicable), (b) a clear description of the issue, (c) relevant evidence or documentation, and (d) the complainant's full name and contact details.

• Complaints may be submitted by authors, reviewers, readers, or any concerned party.

Review process:

• All complaints will be acknowledged within 7 working days of receipt.

• The Editor-in-Chief will conduct an initial assessment and, where necessary, consult relevant editorial board members or independent experts.

• A written response will be provided within 30 working days. If the matter requires further investigation, the complainant will be informed of the expected timeframe.

• If the complainant is not satisfied with the response, they may escalate the matter to the publisher (The Imam Khomeini Education & Research Institute) for further review.

Confidentiality: All complaints will be treated confidentially. The identity of the complainant will not be disclosed without their consent, except where required by law or necessary for the investigation.

Record-keeping: All complaints and their outcomes will be documented and retained by the journal for a minimum of 5 years.

Appeals against editorial decisions: Authors who believe an editorial decision was based on a misunderstanding of the scientific content may submit an appeal to the Editor-in-Chief. The appeal must clearly state the reasons and provide supporting evidence. Appeals are handled according to the same process described above.